Autonomous Database on Serverless Infrastructure

Want to quickly provision your autonomous database? Then look no further than Oracle Autonomous Database Serverless, one of the two deployment choices offered by Oracle Autonomous Database.   Autonomous Database Serverless delegates all operational decisions to Oracle, providing you with a completely autonomous experience.   Join hosts Lois Houston and Nikita Abraham, along with Oracle Database experts, as they discuss how serverless infrastructure eliminates the need to configure any hardware or install any software because Autonomous Database handles provisioning the database, backing it up, patching and upgrading it, and growing or shrinking it for you.   Oracle Autonomous Database Episode: https://oracleuniversitypodcast.libsyn.com/oracle-autonomous-database Oracle MyLearn: https://mylearn.oracle.com/ Oracle University Learning Community: https://education.oracle.com/ou-community LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/oracle-university/ X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com/Oracle_Edu   Special thanks to Arijit Ghosh, David Wright, Rajeev Grover, and the OU Studio Team for helping us create this episode.   --------------------------------------------------------   Episode Transcript:   00:00 Welcome to the Oracle University Podcast, the first stop on your cloud journey. During this series of informative podcasts, we’ll bring you foundational training on the most popular Oracle technologies. Let’s get started. 00:26 Lois: Hello and welcome to the Oracle University Podcast. I’m Lois Houston, Director of Innovation Programs with Oracle University, and with me is Nikita Abraham, Principal Technical Editor. Nikita: Hi everyone! Welcome back to a new season of the Oracle University Podcast. This time, our focus is going to be on Oracle Autonomous Database. We’ve got a jam-packed season planned with some very special guests joining us. 00:52 Lois: If you’re a regular listener of the podcast, you’ll remember that we’d spoken a bit about Autonomous Database last year. That was a really good introductory episode so if you missed it, you might want to check it out.  Nikita: Yeah, we’ll post a link to the episode in today’s show notes so you can find it easily. 01:07 Lois: Right, Niki. So, for today’s episode, we wanted to focus on Autonomous Database on Serverless Infrastructure and we reached out to three experts in the field: Hannah Nguyen,  Sean Stacey, and Kay Malcolm. Hannah is an Associate Cloud Engineer, Sean, a Director of Platform Technology Solutions, and Kay, who’s been on the podcast before, is Senior Director of Database Product Management. For this episode, we’ll be sharing portions of our conversations with them. So, let’s get started. 01:38 Nikita: Hi Hannah! How does Oracle Cloud handle the process of provisioning an Autonomous Database?   Hannah: The Oracle Cloud automates the process of provisioning an Autonomous Database, and it automatically provisions for you a highly scalable, highly secure, and a highly available database very simply out of the box. 01:56 Lois: Hannah, what are the components and architecture involved when provisioning an Autonomous Database in Oracle Cloud? Hannah: Provisioning the database involves very few steps. But it's important to understand the components that are part of the provisioned environment. When provisioning a database, the number of CPUs in increments of 1 for serverless, storage in increments of 1 terabyte, and backup are automatically provisioned and enabled in the database. In the background, an Oracle 19c pluggable database is being added to the container database that manages all the user's Autonomous Databases. Because this Autonomous Database runs on Exadata systems, Real Application Clusters is also provisioned in the background to support the on-demand CPU scalability of the service. This is transparent to the user and administrator of the service. But be aware it is there. 02:49 Nikita: Ok…So, what sort of flexibility does the Autonomous Database provide when it comes to managing resource usage and costs, you know… especially in terms of starting, stopping, and scaling instances? Hannah: The Autonomous Database allows you to start your instance very rapidly on demand. It also allows you to stop your instance on demand as well to conserve resources and to pause billing. Do be aware that when you do pause billing, you will not be charged for any CPU cycles because your instance will be stopped. However, you'll still be incurring charges for your monthly billing for your storage. In addition to allowing you to start and stop your instance on demand, it's also possible to scale your database instance on demand as well. All of this can be done very easily using the Database Cloud Console. 03:36 Lois: What about scaling in the Autonomous Database? Hannah: So you can scale up your OCPUs without touching your storage and scale it back down, and you can do the same with your storage. In addition to that, you can also set up autoscaling. So the database, whenever it detects the need, will automatically scale up to three times the base level number of OCPUs that you have allocated or provisioned for the Autonomous Database. 04:00 Nikita: Is autoscaling available for all tiers?  Hannah: Autoscaling is not available for an always free database, but it is enabled by default for other tiered environments. Changing the setting does not require downtime. So this can also be set dynamically. One of the advantages of autoscaling is cost because you're billed based on the average number of OCPUs consumed during an hour. 04:23 Lois: Thanks, Hannah! Now, let’s bring Sean into the conversation. Hey Sean, I want to talk about moving an autonomous database resource. When or why would I need to move an autonomous database resource from one compartment to another? Sean: There may be a business requirement where you need to move an autonomous database resource, serverless resource, from one compartment to another. Perhaps, there's a different subnet that you would like to move that autonomous database to, or perhaps there's some business applications that are within or accessible or available in that other compartment that you wish to move your autonomous database to take advantage of. 04:58 Nikita: And how simple is this process of moving an autonomous database from one compartment to another? What happens to the backups during this transition? Sean: The way you can do this is simply to take an autonomous database and move it from compartment A to compartment B. And when you do so, the backups, or the automatic backups that are associated with that autonomous database, will be moved with that autonomous database as well. 05:21 Lois: Is there anything that I need to keep in mind when I’m moving an autonomous database between compartments?  Sean: A couple of things to be aware of when doing this is, first of all, you must have the appropriate privileges in that compartment in order to move that autonomous database both from the source compartment to the target compartment. In addition to that, once the autonomous database is moved to this new compartment, any policies or anything that's defined in that compartment to govern the authorization and privileges of that said user in that compartment will be applied immediately to that new autonomous database that has been moved into that new compartment. 05:59 Nikita: Sean, I want to ask you about cloning in Autonomous Database. What are the different types of clones that can be created?  Sean: It's possible to create a new Autonomous Database as a clone of an existing Autonomous Database. This can be done as a full copy of that existing Autonomous Database, or it can be done as a metadata copy, where the objects and tables are cloned, but they are empty. So there's no rows in the tables. And this clone can be taken from a live running Autonomous Database or even from a backup. So you can take a backup and clone that to a completely new database. 06:35 Lois: But why would you clone in the first place? What are the benefits of this?  Sean: When cloning or when creating this clone, it can be created in a completely new compartment from where the source Autonomous Database was originally located. So it's a nice way of moving one database to another compartment to allow developers or another community of users to have access to that environment. 06:58 Nikita: I know that along with having a full clone, you can also have a refreshable clone. Can you tell us more about that? Who is responsible for this? Sean: It's possible to create a refreshable clone from an Autonomous Database. And this is one that would be synced with that source database up to so many days. The task of keeping that refreshable clone in sync with that source database rests upon the shoulders of the administrator. The administrator is the person who is responsible for performing that sync operation. Now, actually performing the operation is very simple, it's point and click. And it's an automated process from the database console. And also be aware that refreshable clones can trail the source database or source Autonomous Database up to seven days. After that period of time, the refreshable clone, if it has not been refreshed or kept in sync with that source database, it will become a standalone, read-only copy of that original source database. 08:00 Nikita: Ok Sean, so if you had to give us the key takeaways on cloning an Autonomous Database, what would they be?  Sean: It's very easy and a lot of flexibility when it comes to cloning an Autonomous Database. We have different models that you can take from a live running database instance with zero impact on your workload or from a backup. It can be a full copy, or it can be a metadata copy, as well as a refreshable, read-only clone of a source database. 08:33 Did you know that Oracle University offers free courses on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure? You’ll find training on everything from cloud computing, database, and security to artificial intelligence and machine learning, all of which is available free to subscribers. So, get going! Pick a course of your choice, get certified, join the Oracle University Learning Community, and network with your peers. If you are already an Oracle MyLearn user, go to MyLearn to begin your journey. If you have not yet accessed Oracle MyLearn, visit mylearn.oracle.com and create an account to get started.  09:12 Nikita: Welcome back! Thank you, Sean, and hi Kay! I want to ask you about events and notifications in Autonomous Database. Where do they really come in handy?  Kay: Events can be used for a variety of notifications, including admin password expiration, ADB services going down, and wallet expiration warnings. There's this service, and it's called the notifications service. It's part of OCI. And this service provides you with the ability to broadcast messages to distributed components using a publish and subscribe model. These notifications can be used to notify you when event rules or alarms are triggered or simply to directly publish a message. In addition to this, there's also something that's called a topic. This is a communication channel for sending messages to subscribers in the topic. You can manage these topics and their subscriptions really easy. It's not hard to do at all. 10:14 Lois: Kay, I want to ask you about backing up Autonomous Databases. How does Autonomous Database handle backups? Kay: Autonomous Database automatically backs up your database for you. The retention period for backups is 60 days. You can restore and recover your database to any point in time during this retention period. You can initiate recovery for your Autonomous Database by using the cloud console or an API call. Autonomous Database automatically restores and recovers your database to the point in time that you specify. In addition to a point in time recovery, we can also perform a restore from a specific backup set.  10:59 Lois: Kay, you spoke about automatic backups, but what about manual backups?  Kay: You can do manual backups using the cloud console, for example, if you want to take a backup say before a major change to make restoring and recovery faster. These manual backups are put in your cloud object storage bucket. 11:20 Nikita: Are there any special instructions that we need to follow when configuring a manual backup? Kay: The manual backup configuration tasks are a one-time operation. Once this is configured, you can go ahead, trigger your manual backup any time you wish after that. When creating the object storage bucket for the manual backups, it is really important-- so I don't want you to forget-- that the name format for the bucket and the object storage follows this naming convention. It should be backup underscore database name. And it's not the display name here when I say database name. 12:00 Kay: In addition to that, the object name has to be all lowercase. So three rules. Backup underscore database name, and the specific database name is not the display name. It has to be in lowercase. Once you've created your object storage bucket to meet these rules, you then go ahead and set a database property. Default_backup_bucket. This points to the object storage URL and it's using the Swift protocol. Once you've got your object storage bucket mapped and you've created your mapping to the object storage location, you then need to go ahead and create a database credential inside your database. You may have already had this in place for other purposes, like maybe you were loading data, you were using Data Pump, et cetera. If you don't, you would need to create this specifically for your manual backups. Once you've done so, you can then go ahead and set your property to that default credential that you created. So once you follow these steps as I pointed out, you only have to do it one time. Once it's configured, you can go ahead and use it from now on for your manual backups. 13:21 Lois: Kay, the last topic I want to talk about before we let you go is Autonomous Data Guard. Can you tell us about it? Kay: Autonomous Data Guard monitors the primary database, in other words, the database that you're using right now.  Lois: So, if ADB goes down… Kay: Then the standby instance will automatically become the primary instance. There's no manual intervention required. So failover from the primary database to that standby database I mentioned, it's completely seamless and it doesn't require any additional wallets to be downloaded or any new URLs to access APEX or Oracle Machine Learning. Even Oracle REST Data Services. All the URLs and all the wallets, everything that you need to authenticate, to connect to your database, they all remain the same for you if you have to failover to your standby database. 14:19 Lois: And what happens after a failover occurs? Kay: After performing a failover, a new standby for your primary will automatically be provisioned. So in other words, in performing a failover your standby does become your new primary. Any new standby is made for that primary. I know, it's kind of interesting. So currently, the standby database is created in the same region as the primary database. For better resilience, if your database is provisioned, it would be available on AD1 or Availability Domain 1. My secondary, or my standby, would be provisioned on a different availability domain. 15:10 Nikita: But there’s also the possibility of manual failover, right? What are the differences between automatic and manual failover scenarios? When would you recommend using each? Kay: So in the case of the automatic failover scenario following a disastrous situation, if the primary ADB becomes completely unavailable, the switchover button will turn to a failover button. Because remember, this is a disaster. Automatic failover is automatically triggered. There's no user action required. So if you're asleep and something happens, you're protected. There's no user action required, but automatic failover is allowed to succeed only when no data loss will occur.   15:57 Nikita: For manual failover scenarios in the rare case when an automatic failover is unsuccessful, the switchover button will become a failover button and the user can trigger a manual failover should they wish to do so. The system automatically recovers as much data as possible, minimizing any potential data loss. But you can see anywhere from a few seconds or minutes of data loss. Now, you should only perform a manual failover in a true disaster scenario, expecting the fact that a few minutes of potential data loss could occur, to ensure that your database is back online as soon as possible.  16:44 Lois: Thank you so much, Kay. This conversation has been so educational for us. And thank you once again to Hannah and Sean. To learn more about Autonomous Database, head over to mylearn.oracle.com and search for the Oracle Autonomous Database Administration Workshop. Nikita: Thanks for joining us today. In our next episode, we will discuss Autonomous Database on Dedicated Infrastructure. Until then, this is Nikita Abraham… Lois: …and Lois Houston signing off. 17:12 That’s all for this episode of the Oracle University Podcast. If you enjoyed listening, please click Subscribe to get all the latest episodes. We’d also love it if you would take a moment to rate and review us on your podcast app. See you again on the next episode of the Oracle University Podcast.